JavaScript组合继承及寄生组合式继承

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组合继承，有时候也叫做伪经典继承，指的是将原型链和借用构造函数的技术组合到一块，从而发挥二者之长的一种继承模式。其背后的思路是使用原型链实现对原型属性和方法的继承，而通过借用构造函数来实现对实例属性的继承。这样，既通过在原型上定义方法实现了函数复用，又能够保证每个实例都有它自己的属性。 

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function SuperType(name) {
    this.name = name;
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function() {
    alert(this.name);
}
function SubType(name, age) {
    SuperType.call(this, name);
    this.age = age;
}
//继承方法
SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function() {
    alert(this.age);
}
 
var instance1 = new SubType("Nicholas", 29);
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors); //red,blue,green,black
instance1.sayName(); //Nicholas
instance1.sayAge(); //29
 
var instance2 = new SubType("Greg", 27);
alert(instance2.colors); //red,blue,green
instance2.sayName(); //Greg
instance2.sayAge(); //27

寄生组合式继承，集寄生式继承和组合继承的优点与一身，是实现基于类型继承的最有效方式。

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function inheritPrototype(subType, superType) {
    var prototype = object(superType.prototype);  //创建对象
    prototype.constructor = subType;              //增强对象
    subType.prototype = prototype;                //指定对象
}
function SuperType(name) {
    this.name = name;
    this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function() {
    alert(this.name);
};
function SubType(name, age) {
    SuperType.call(this, name);
    this.age = age;
}
inheritPrototype(SubType, SuperType);
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function() {
    alert(this.age);
}
var instance1 = new SubType("Nicholas", 29);
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);  //"red,blue,green,black"
instance1.sayName();      //"Nicholas"
instance1.sayAge();       //29
var instance2 = new SubType("Greg", 27);
alert(instance2.colors);  //"red,blue,green"
instance2.sayName();      //"Greg"
instance2.sayAge();       //27

参考资料：《JavaScript高级程序设计》